Evaluation of Joint Sleep and Idle Mode in IEEE 802.16e WIMAX
As energy availability limits usage time for mobile devices, modern wireless systems implement Power Saving Mechanisms (PSMs). Determining optimal PSM parameters and switch points when applying all PSM mechanisms jointly in the same scenario is a trade-off between power savings and system performance degradation. This work presents an unpublished performance study of the joint operation of Sleep Mode and Idle Mode on an accurate 802.16e PSM NS-2 simulation implementation, with the MS experiencing two different classes of Internet traffic, namely HTTP Web Browsing and Always-On traffic. We first determine which set of PSM parameters influence the most on power savings and performance degradation (in terms of TCP retransmissions) via a 2k.r factorial analysis. Then, we explore those PSM parameters via full factorial analysis in order to determine optimal transition points between Sleep Mode and Idle Mode, such that we achieve power savings without high performance degradation. Results showed that although we managed to obtain good power saving results for a wide range of PSM parameters, performance degradation can be substantial if the Sleep Mode Inactivity Timer is such that PSM is activated within TCP RTT or the timers for Sleep Mode and Idle Mode are such that there is a €œcompetition€ between which PSM mechanism should be activated. Under established conditions, we observe a significant power saving gains followed by a surprising system performance enhancement.
Keywords: power saving mechanism, IEEE 802.16e, WIMAX, Sleep mode, Idle mode.
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Fuad M. Abinader Jr.
Fuad Mousse Abinader Junior has a BSc in Computer Science at Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil (2002), a MSc in Informatics/Computer Networks at Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil (2006), and is currently a PhD student in Telecommunications/Electrical and Computer Engineering at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (2012).
Vicente A. De Sousa Jr.
Vicente A. de Sousa Jr. received a B.Sc. Electrical Engineer degree from the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2001. He received his M.Sc. and PhD degrees from the UFC in 2002 and 2009, respectively. Between 2001 and 2006, he had been working in projects inside a technical cooperation between UFC and Ericsson of Brazil where developed solutions to smart antennas systems, radio resource management techniques for 3G networks and interworking of UMTS and WLAN systems. Between 2006 and 2010, Dr. Sousa was researcher and R&D coordinator of Nokia Technology Institute (INdT), where developed solutions for WIMAX standardization and Nokia´s product. Sousa is now a lecturer and researcher at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. He is a member of the Brazilian Telecommunication Society (SBrT) and his research interests include wireless mobile communication networks, optimization techniques and evolutionary computation applied to telecommunication problems, radio resource management and multi-access networks.
Anderson B. Fernandes
Anderson S. B. Fernandes received the B.S.E.E. degree from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN, Brazil, in 2012. Currently he works for Schlumberger Oilfield Services. His scientific interests include wireless systems, mobile technology and cognitive radios.
Adaildo G. Dassuncao
Adaildo G. D'Assuncao received the B.S.E.E. degree (with honor) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN, Brazil, in 1974, and the M.S. and doctoral degree in electrical engineering from the State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil, in 1977 and 1981, respectively. From 1975-1976, he worked with radar and telemetry systems at the Launching Center of Barreira do Inferno, Natal, RN, Brazil. He has been with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte since 1976, as a professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and, since 2000, as a full professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. From 1985-1987, he was a Postdoctoral Visiting Scientist in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at North Dakota State University, ND, USA. Dr. D’Assunção is a member of the Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Society (SBMO), the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) and of the Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S). From 2006-2010, Dr. D’Assunção was the Brazilian coordinator for the CAPES-COFECUB program with ENST, currently Telecom ParisTech (Paris) and UFRN (Natal), as well as the Brazilian coordinator for the BRAFITEC program with UFRN, UFSC (Florianópolis), and ENSEEIHT (Toulouse). Currently he is the coordinator of the National Institute of Wireless Communication (INCT-CSF).
Nibia S. Bezerra
Nibia Souza Bezerra received the B.Sc. degree in computer engineering from the Amazon State University, Manaus, Brazil in 2008. She is currently working toward the M.Sc. degree in telecommunications engineering at the Federal University of Ceará, within the Wireless Telecom Research Group (GTEL), Fortaleza. From 2008 to 2011 she worked at Nokia Technology Institute as a Researcher, in projects related to Power Consumption in WiMAX system, IPv6 and Location Based Services. Since March from 2011 she is a Research with GTEL, and in this same year she spent an internship with Ericsson Research, Luleå, Sweden, where she studied scheduling algorithms for the Long-Term Evolution system. Her research interests include radio resource allocation algorithms for quality-of-services guarantees and power consumption in scenarios with multiple services, resources, antennas and users.
Gino Lozada
Gino Lozada received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, in 2001, and the M.S. degree in electronic systems from São Paulo University, Brazil, in 2005. From 2003 to 2008, he was with the Integrated Electronic Systems and Applied Software Group, São Paulo University, working on embedded system design. In 2008, he joined the Nokia Institute of Technology, where he worked in the areas of power consumption and location-based services. Since 2010, he has been a patent examiner at the Peruvian Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (INDECOPI). His scientific interests include wireless systems, mobile technology, system-level design and reconfigurable computing.
Pekko Orava
Pekko Orava received the MSc (EE) telecommunications, 1993-97, Tampere University of Technology, Finland. From 1995-98, He was with Nokia Research Center (Finland), responsible for developing WLAN and local connectivity research. Between 1998-2006, He was with Nokia Mobile Phones (Finland) WLAN R&D, defining and mainstreaming mobile WiFi into phones. From 2006-07, He worked at LTE technology R&D. Other responsibilities inside Nokia includes: Nokia Inc (USA), 2007-09 Wimax terminal R&D; Nokia (Finland), 2010-11, LTE terminal R&D. Orava is (Co)inventor of 6 US and additional international patents related to WLAN mobile terminal implementations and WLAN communication protocols.
Fuad M. Abinader Jr.
Fuad Mousse Abinader Junior has a BSc in Computer Science at Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil (2002), a MSc in Informatics/Computer Networks at Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil (2006), and is currently a PhD student in Telecommunications/Electrical and Computer Engineering at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (2012).
Vicente A. De Sousa Jr.
Vicente A. de Sousa Jr. received a B.Sc. Electrical Engineer degree from the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2001. He received his M.Sc. and PhD degrees from the UFC in 2002 and 2009, respectively. Between 2001 and 2006, he had been working in projects inside a technical cooperation between UFC and Ericsson of Brazil where developed solutions to smart antennas systems, radio resource management techniques for 3G networks and interworking of UMTS and WLAN systems. Between 2006 and 2010, Dr. Sousa was researcher and R&D coordinator of Nokia Technology Institute (INdT), where developed solutions for WIMAX standardization and Nokia´s product. Sousa is now a lecturer and researcher at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. He is a member of the Brazilian Telecommunication Society (SBrT) and his research interests include wireless mobile communication networks, optimization techniques and evolutionary computation applied to telecommunication problems, radio resource management and multi-access networks.
Anderson B. Fernandes
Anderson S. B. Fernandes received the B.S.E.E. degree from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN, Brazil, in 2012. Currently he works for Schlumberger Oilfield Services. His scientific interests include wireless systems, mobile technology and cognitive radios.
Adaildo G. Dassuncao
Adaildo G. D'Assuncao received the B.S.E.E. degree (with honor) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN, Brazil, in 1974, and the M.S. and doctoral degree in electrical engineering from the State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil, in 1977 and 1981, respectively. From 1975-1976, he worked with radar and telemetry systems at the Launching Center of Barreira do Inferno, Natal, RN, Brazil. He has been with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte since 1976, as a professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and, since 2000, as a full professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. From 1985-1987, he was a Postdoctoral Visiting Scientist in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at North Dakota State University, ND, USA. Dr. D’Assunção is a member of the Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Society (SBMO), the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) and of the Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S). From 2006-2010, Dr. D’Assunção was the Brazilian coordinator for the CAPES-COFECUB program with ENST, currently Telecom ParisTech (Paris) and UFRN (Natal), as well as the Brazilian coordinator for the BRAFITEC program with UFRN, UFSC (Florianópolis), and ENSEEIHT (Toulouse). Currently he is the coordinator of the National Institute of Wireless Communication (INCT-CSF).
Nibia S. Bezerra
Nibia Souza Bezerra received the B.Sc. degree in computer engineering from the Amazon State University, Manaus, Brazil in 2008. She is currently working toward the M.Sc. degree in telecommunications engineering at the Federal University of Ceará, within the Wireless Telecom Research Group (GTEL), Fortaleza. From 2008 to 2011 she worked at Nokia Technology Institute as a Researcher, in projects related to Power Consumption in WiMAX system, IPv6 and Location Based Services. Since March from 2011 she is a Research with GTEL, and in this same year she spent an internship with Ericsson Research, Luleå, Sweden, where she studied scheduling algorithms for the Long-Term Evolution system. Her research interests include radio resource allocation algorithms for quality-of-services guarantees and power consumption in scenarios with multiple services, resources, antennas and users.
Gino Lozada
Gino Lozada received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, in 2001, and the M.S. degree in electronic systems from São Paulo University, Brazil, in 2005. From 2003 to 2008, he was with the Integrated Electronic Systems and Applied Software Group, São Paulo University, working on embedded system design. In 2008, he joined the Nokia Institute of Technology, where he worked in the areas of power consumption and location-based services. Since 2010, he has been a patent examiner at the Peruvian Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (INDECOPI). His scientific interests include wireless systems, mobile technology, system-level design and reconfigurable computing.
Pekko Orava
Pekko Orava received the MSc (EE) telecommunications, 1993-97, Tampere University of Technology, Finland. From 1995-98, He was with Nokia Research Center (Finland), responsible for developing WLAN and local connectivity research. Between 1998-2006, He was with Nokia Mobile Phones (Finland) WLAN R&D, defining and mainstreaming mobile WiFi into phones. From 2006-07, He worked at LTE technology R&D. Other responsibilities inside Nokia includes: Nokia Inc (USA), 2007-09 Wimax terminal R&D; Nokia (Finland), 2010-11, LTE terminal R&D. Orava is (Co)inventor of 6 US and additional international patents related to WLAN mobile terminal implementations and WLAN communication protocols.
