Estimation of Pathloss in Femtocells for Indoor Environments
Femtocells Access Points (FAPs) are low power base stations which improve the cellular service within indoor environments. RF propagation modeling is required to analyze the femtocell performance, power issue and the interference impact on the macro network. An indoor propagation channel is considerably more antagonistic than an outdoor channel. This paper deals with the path loss and coverage of the femtocells in indoor environments. The ability to accurately predict radio-propagation behavior for wireless systems is becoming crucial to system design. To reduce the cost of on-site measurements, propagation models have been developed. These models provide a suitable, low-cost and convenient alternative to costly on-site measurements. Lack of a LOS, heavy attenuation, diffraction by objects in the propagation path, and multipath all contribute to losses in an RF channel. RF modeling is required to predict this path loss. The path loss is associated with the design of base stations, as this tells us how much power a transmitter needs to radiate to provide coverage in the intended region. A femtocell increases overall system capacity by reducing the coverage holes and by capacity gain from higher SINR to indoor subscribers. Finally, RF modeling is carried out for indoor environments experienced in a typical femtocell.
Keywords: Femtocell, RF propagation Model, SINR and FAP.
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Hasnain Kashif
Hasnain Kashif was born in Tulamba, Distt. Khanewal, Pakistan. He has completed his BS in Computer Engineering from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Pakistan. He has done MSc Electrical Engineering (Radio communication) from BTH Karlskrona, Sweden. He has about two years experience in the field of telecommunication Companies in the department of Installation & Operation, Wireless Design and also RF Department. Now he is working as a Lecturer in Department of Electrical Engineering at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Usman Rafique
Usman Rafique was born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He completed his BE in Avionics Engineering from National University of Sciences & Technology. He has eleven years experience in the field of aviation, where he has worked both as a design engineer and a software developer. He has also worked for three years in the field of RF. At present, he is working in Avionic Production Factory in Attock, Pakistan.
Ateeq Ur Rehman
Ateeq Ur Rehman was born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in 1987. He received Bachelor Degree in Electrical (Telecommunication) Engineering from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan, in 2009 and MS Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications) degree from Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Karlskrona, Sweden in 2011. He is currently working as a lecturer in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering., Superior University Lahore, Pakistan. His research interests are in the field of Next Generation Networks.
Ayaz Umer
Ayaz Umer was born in Swabi, Distt, Pakistan. He has completed his BE in Information Technology from University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan. He has done Masters of Engineering in Telecommunication from University of Southren Australia. He has about one years experience in the field of telecommunication more specifically in RF department. Now he is working as a Lecturer in COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Attock, Pakistan.
Hasnain Kashif
Hasnain Kashif was born in Tulamba, Distt. Khanewal, Pakistan. He has completed his BS in Computer Engineering from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Pakistan. He has done MSc Electrical Engineering (Radio communication) from BTH Karlskrona, Sweden. He has about two years experience in the field of telecommunication Companies in the department of Installation & Operation, Wireless Design and also RF Department. Now he is working as a Lecturer in Department of Electrical Engineering at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Usman Rafique
Usman Rafique was born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He completed his BE in Avionics Engineering from National University of Sciences & Technology. He has eleven years experience in the field of aviation, where he has worked both as a design engineer and a software developer. He has also worked for three years in the field of RF. At present, he is working in Avionic Production Factory in Attock, Pakistan.
Ateeq Ur Rehman
Ateeq Ur Rehman was born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in 1987. He received Bachelor Degree in Electrical (Telecommunication) Engineering from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan, in 2009 and MS Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications) degree from Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Karlskrona, Sweden in 2011. He is currently working as a lecturer in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering., Superior University Lahore, Pakistan. His research interests are in the field of Next Generation Networks.
Ayaz Umer
Ayaz Umer was born in Swabi, Distt, Pakistan. He has completed his BE in Information Technology from University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan. He has done Masters of Engineering in Telecommunication from University of Southren Australia. He has about one years experience in the field of telecommunication more specifically in RF department. Now he is working as a Lecturer in COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Attock, Pakistan.
