Study of the effect DCT and DWT domains on the imperceptibility and robustness of Genetic watermarking
Watermarking using genetic algorithm for the optimization of the tread-off between the watermarking requirements has attacked the attention of researchers; amongst the watermarking requirements, the imperceptibility and robustness is the main requirements. Watermarking embedded in frequency domain using DWT or DCT can affect the imperceptibility and robustness of watermarking, this paper studies the effect of embedding domain on the imperceptibility and robustness in genetic watermarking. Results of watermark image quality and attacks based on peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) numerical correlation (NC) is analyzed through the paper sections, the DWT results showed more robustness high imperceptibility than DCT in watermarking based on GA.
Keywords: watermarking, genetic algorithm. DWT, DCT
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Abduljabbar Shaamala
Abduljabbar Shaamala is a MSc. (Information Security) from University Technology Malaysia in 2009. Currently, he is doing PhD in multimedia security in University Technology Malaysia, his research interests include information security, image processing and network security.
Shahidan M. Abdullah
Advanced Informatics School (AIS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Azizah A. Manaf
Azizah Abdul Manaf (PhD) is a Professor of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition from University Technology Malaysia (UTM). She graduated with B. Eng. (Electrical) 1980, MSc. Computer Science (1985) and PhD (Image Processing) in 1995 from UTM. Her current areas of interest and research are image processing, watermarking, steganography and computer forensics and have postgraduate students at the Masters and PhD level to assist her in these research areas. She has written numerous articles in journals and presented an extensive amount of papers at national and international conferences on her research areas. Prof. Dr. Azizah has also held management positions at the University and Faculty level such as Head of Department, Deputy Dean, Deputy Director and Academic Director pertaining to academic development as well as on training for teaching and learning methodologies at the University.
Abduljabbar Shaamala
Abduljabbar Shaamala is a MSc. (Information Security) from University Technology Malaysia in 2009. Currently, he is doing PhD in multimedia security in University Technology Malaysia, his research interests include information security, image processing and network security.
Shahidan M. Abdullah
Advanced Informatics School (AIS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Azizah A. Manaf
Azizah Abdul Manaf (PhD) is a Professor of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition from University Technology Malaysia (UTM). She graduated with B. Eng. (Electrical) 1980, MSc. Computer Science (1985) and PhD (Image Processing) in 1995 from UTM. Her current areas of interest and research are image processing, watermarking, steganography and computer forensics and have postgraduate students at the Masters and PhD level to assist her in these research areas. She has written numerous articles in journals and presented an extensive amount of papers at national and international conferences on her research areas. Prof. Dr. Azizah has also held management positions at the University and Faculty level such as Head of Department, Deputy Dean, Deputy Director and Academic Director pertaining to academic development as well as on training for teaching and learning methodologies at the University.
