EVAM-MAC: An Event Based Medium Access Control for Wireless sensor Networks with Multihop Support
As wireless sensor network applications are becoming more complex, the need for a versatile medium access control that is able to deliver high data rates is essential. In event-based systems, sensor nodes spend most of their time at sleep state waiting for an event to occur. When an event is detected, sensor nodes experience a short abrupt period of high data contention where the data packets are large in size. As the number of sensor nodes per-hop increases, the contention generated will lower the throughput, in- crease latency and deteriorate the applications performance. EVAM-MAC is a medium access control that is tailored specifically for event-based systems. EVAM-MAC shifts the contention generated by multiple sensor nodes trying to deliver the collected measurements to the control phase. Furthermore, it arranges data transfer in a contention free environment by dynamically creating a TDMA-like schedule with- out global synchronization or global slot assignments. EVAM-MAC offers a platform of configurable operations that can be programmed prior to deployment. The protocol is simulated with NS2 and compared with an implementation of S-MAC and 802.11 for multiple scenarios where EVAM-MAC presented its superiority in throughput, Latency and Energy consumption.
Keywords: Clustering Algorithms, Event Detec- tion, Medium Access Control, Wireless Sensor Networks
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Zaher Merhi
received the B.Sc. degree and the M.Sc. degree in computer engineering from the University of Balamand, Lebanon, in 2002 and 2005. He also received the M.Sc. and the PhD degree in computer engineering from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA, in 2007 and 2010. Since 2010 he joined the Lebanese International University (LIU) as an assistant professor at the computer and communication engineering (CCE) department. Currently he is the associate chairperson of the CCE department at LIU. His research interests include low power embedded systems, distributed DSP applications for wireless sensor networks, data fusion techniques and medium access controls (MAC) for wireless sensor networks.
Mohamed Elgamel
received the B.Sc. degree in computer science from Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, in 1991, the M.Sc. degree in computer engineering from Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST), Alexandria, Egypt, in 1998, the M.Sc. and the PhD degrees in computer engineering from University of Louisiana at Lafayette,Louisiana, USA, in 2000 and 2003 respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, AAST. In 2013, he was a visiting professor at The International Telematic University (UNINETTUNO), Rome, Italy. From 2003-2010, he has been a Graduate Faculty at The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA. From 1999 to 2003, he served as a Research Assistant and Adjunct Faculty at the Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA. From 1991 to 1999, he was a Senior Analyst Programmer at Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Egypt. His research interests include CAD tools, Embedded Systems, Wireless Sensors Networks, Software Engineering, and digital video processing. His research was supported by funds from federal agents like DOE, NSF and the Louisiana Governor ITI. Dr. Elgamel is a senior IEEE member. He is also a member on the IEEE Technical Committee on Communication and IEEE-TC on VLSI. He served on the program committees and chaired sessions of several conferences and as a reviewer/Reviewer Committee Member for several conferences and journals. Dr. Elgamel received the 2002 Richard E. Merwin Student Scholarship for demonstrating outstanding involvement in an IEEE-CS and excellence in academic achievement. He was the rst place winner in the student paper contest in the 46th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, (MWSCAS2003). He was the president of the IEEE Computer Society student chapter at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
Samih Abdul-Nabi
received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1990 from the Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon and his M.S. degree in Computer Sciences in 1993 from the University of Montreal, Canada. Since 1993, Mr Abdul-Nabi worked in many related engineering elds in both Canada and the U.S. His last industrial assignment was at Diebold Inc. as Senior Systems Engineer providing technical support to one of the largest banks in Canada. His is currently a lecturer at the Lebanese International University working on some research topics that in- cludes Network Coding and encryption.
Amin Haj-Ali
received his B.E. degree in Computer and Communications Engineering in 1993 from the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, his M.S. degree in Electronics and Computer Control Systems in 1994, and his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering (Systems and Soft Computing) and Computer Science (Minor) in 2002 from Wayne State University, Detroit, USA. Dr. Haj-Ali earned a Masters in IT Project Management from George Washington University, Washington DC, USA. Since 1996, Dr. Haj-Ali worked in many related engineering fields in both Lebanese and international corporations. His last industrial assignment was at Daimler Chrysler Corporation Scientific Labs and Proving Grounds, Auburn Hills, MI USA where has registered a patent (US07043963B2). Currently Dr. Haj-Ali is the Dean of the School of Engineering and Associate Professor at the Lebanese international University. His research interest includes Machine Vision, Embedded Systems, Fuzzy Systems and Neural Networks.
Magdy Bayoumi
received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, the M.Sc. degree in computer engineering from Washington University, St. Louis, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada. He is the Director of the Center for Advanced Com- puter Studies (CACS) and Department Head of Com- puter Science Department, University of Louisiana, Lafayette. He is also the Z.L. \"Zeke\" Lo in Eminent Scholar Endowed Chair at the Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, where he has been a faculty member since 1985. His research interests include VLSI design methods and architectures, low power circuits and systems, digital signal processing architectures, parallel algorithm design, computer arithmetic, image and video signal processing, neural networks, and wideband network architectures Dr. Bayoumi was the vice president for the technical activities of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society and the chairman of the Technical Committee on Circuits and Systems for Communication and the TC on Signal Processing Design and Implementation. He was a founding member of the VLSI Systems and Applications Technical Committee and was its chairman. He is a member of the Neural Network and the Multimedia Technology Technical Committees. He was an Associate Editor of the Circuits and Devices Magazine, the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, the IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks, and the IEEE Transaction on Circuit and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing and Integration. He was also the chairman of many conferences and workshops including MWSCAS\'94, GLSVLSI\'98, MWSCAS\'03, ISCAS\'07, and ICIP\'09
Zaher Merhi
received the B.Sc. degree and the M.Sc. degree in computer engineering from the University of Balamand, Lebanon, in 2002 and 2005. He also received the M.Sc. and the PhD degree in computer engineering from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA, in 2007 and 2010. Since 2010 he joined the Lebanese International University (LIU) as an assistant professor at the computer and communication engineering (CCE) department. Currently he is the associate chairperson of the CCE department at LIU. His research interests include low power embedded systems, distributed DSP applications for wireless sensor networks, data fusion techniques and medium access controls (MAC) for wireless sensor networks.
Mohamed Elgamel
received the B.Sc. degree in computer science from Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, in 1991, the M.Sc. degree in computer engineering from Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST), Alexandria, Egypt, in 1998, the M.Sc. and the PhD degrees in computer engineering from University of Louisiana at Lafayette,Louisiana, USA, in 2000 and 2003 respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, AAST. In 2013, he was a visiting professor at The International Telematic University (UNINETTUNO), Rome, Italy. From 2003-2010, he has been a Graduate Faculty at The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA. From 1999 to 2003, he served as a Research Assistant and Adjunct Faculty at the Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA. From 1991 to 1999, he was a Senior Analyst Programmer at Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Egypt. His research interests include CAD tools, Embedded Systems, Wireless Sensors Networks, Software Engineering, and digital video processing. His research was supported by funds from federal agents like DOE, NSF and the Louisiana Governor ITI. Dr. Elgamel is a senior IEEE member. He is also a member on the IEEE Technical Committee on Communication and IEEE-TC on VLSI. He served on the program committees and chaired sessions of several conferences and as a reviewer/Reviewer Committee Member for several conferences and journals. Dr. Elgamel received the 2002 Richard E. Merwin Student Scholarship for demonstrating outstanding involvement in an IEEE-CS and excellence in academic achievement. He was the rst place winner in the student paper contest in the 46th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, (MWSCAS2003). He was the president of the IEEE Computer Society student chapter at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
Samih Abdul-Nabi
received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1990 from the Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon and his M.S. degree in Computer Sciences in 1993 from the University of Montreal, Canada. Since 1993, Mr Abdul-Nabi worked in many related engineering elds in both Canada and the U.S. His last industrial assignment was at Diebold Inc. as Senior Systems Engineer providing technical support to one of the largest banks in Canada. His is currently a lecturer at the Lebanese International University working on some research topics that in- cludes Network Coding and encryption.
Amin Haj-Ali
received his B.E. degree in Computer and Communications Engineering in 1993 from the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, his M.S. degree in Electronics and Computer Control Systems in 1994, and his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering (Systems and Soft Computing) and Computer Science (Minor) in 2002 from Wayne State University, Detroit, USA. Dr. Haj-Ali earned a Masters in IT Project Management from George Washington University, Washington DC, USA. Since 1996, Dr. Haj-Ali worked in many related engineering fields in both Lebanese and international corporations. His last industrial assignment was at Daimler Chrysler Corporation Scientific Labs and Proving Grounds, Auburn Hills, MI USA where has registered a patent (US07043963B2). Currently Dr. Haj-Ali is the Dean of the School of Engineering and Associate Professor at the Lebanese international University. His research interest includes Machine Vision, Embedded Systems, Fuzzy Systems and Neural Networks.
Magdy Bayoumi
received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, the M.Sc. degree in computer engineering from Washington University, St. Louis, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada. He is the Director of the Center for Advanced Com- puter Studies (CACS) and Department Head of Com- puter Science Department, University of Louisiana, Lafayette. He is also the Z.L. \"Zeke\" Lo in Eminent Scholar Endowed Chair at the Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, where he has been a faculty member since 1985. His research interests include VLSI design methods and architectures, low power circuits and systems, digital signal processing architectures, parallel algorithm design, computer arithmetic, image and video signal processing, neural networks, and wideband network architectures Dr. Bayoumi was the vice president for the technical activities of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society and the chairman of the Technical Committee on Circuits and Systems for Communication and the TC on Signal Processing Design and Implementation. He was a founding member of the VLSI Systems and Applications Technical Committee and was its chairman. He is a member of the Neural Network and the Multimedia Technology Technical Committees. He was an Associate Editor of the Circuits and Devices Magazine, the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, the IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks, and the IEEE Transaction on Circuit and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing and Integration. He was also the chairman of many conferences and workshops including MWSCAS\'94, GLSVLSI\'98, MWSCAS\'03, ISCAS\'07, and ICIP\'09
