Block Based Video Watermarking Scheme Using Wavelet Transform and Principle Component Analysis
In this paper, a comprehensive approach for digital video watermarking is introduced, where a binary watermark image is embedded into the video frames. Each video frame is decomposed into sub-images using 2 level discrete wavelet transform then the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) transformation is applied for each block in the two bands LL and HH. The watermark is embedded into the maximum coefficient of the PCA block of the two bands. The proposed scheme is tested using a number of video sequences. Experimental results show high imperceptibility where there is no noticeable difference between the watermarked video frames and the original frames. The computed PSNR achieves high score which is 44.097 db. The proposed scheme shows high robustness against several attacks such as JPEG coding, Gaussian noise addition, histogram equalization, gamma correction, and contrast adjustment.
Keywords: Digital video watermarking, Principal Component Analysis, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Binary watermark.
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Nisreen I. Yassin
National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Nancy M. Salem
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt.
Mohamed I. El Adaway
Department of Comm., Elect., and Computers, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt.
Nisreen I. Yassin
National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Nancy M. Salem
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt.
Mohamed I. El Adaway
Department of Comm., Elect., and Computers, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt.
